1.
The
anti-speculative attitude: when anyone asked Buddha metaphysical
questions as to whether the soul was different from the body, whether it
survived death, whether the world was finite or infinite, eternal or
non-eternal, etc., he avoided the discussing them.
2.
The
First Noble Truth about Suffering:
it says that there is
suffering. And the sights of suffering which upset the mind of young Siddhartha
were of disease, old age and death. but to the enlightened mind of Buddha not
simply these but the very essential conditions of life, human and sub-human,
appeared without exception, to be fraught with misery.
3.
The
Second Noble Truth about the cause of Suffering:
it has twelve links called pratityasamutpāda or the theory of dependent
origination and it is the cause of suffering.
4.
The
Third Noble Truth about the Cessation of Suffering:
it follows from the second that misery depends on some conditions. If these
conditions are removed, misery would cease. But we should try to understand
clearly the exact nature of the state called cessation (nirodha) of misery. Liberation
from misery is attainable in this very life if certain conditions are fulfilled.
5.
The
fourth Noble Truth and the path to liberation:
it is also called dukh-nirodh-marga. The path recommended by Buddha consists of
eight steps or rules and is, therefre, called the eightfold noble path
(astangika-marga). This gives in a nutshell the essentials of Buddha ethics. It
consists of the following eight good things:
I.
Right
views (sammaditthi or samyagdrsti)
II.
Right
resolve (sammasankalpa or samyaksankalpa)
III.
Right
speech ( sammavaca or samyagvak)
IV.
Right
conduct (sammakammanta or samyahharmanta)
V.
Right
livelihood (samma-ajiva or samyagajiva)
VI.
Right
effort (sammavayama or samyagajiva)
VII.
Right
effort (sammavayama or samyagvyayama)
VIII.
Right
effort (sammasti or samyaksmrti)
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